Diabetes insipidus nursing case study

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It is chemically defined as follows: Desmopressin acetate, USP 4.

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One mL 4 mcg of Desmopressin acetate solution has an antidiuretic activity of about 16 IU; 1 mcg of Desmopressin acetate is equivalent to 4 IU. Dose-response studies were performed in healthy persons, using doses of 0.

Maximal dose response occurred at 0. The response to Desmopressin acetate of factor VIII activity and plasminogen activator is dose-related, with maximal plasma Diabetes insipidus nursing case study of to percent of initial concentrations obtained after infusion of 0.

The increase is rapid and evident within 30 minutes, reaching a maximum at a point ranging from 90 minutes to two hours.

The factor VIII related antigen and ristocetin cofactor activity were also increased to a smaller degree, but still are dose-dependent. The biphasic half-lives of Desmopressin acetate were 7. As a result, Desmopressin acetate provides a prompt onset of antidiuretic action with a long duration after each administration.

The change in structure of arginine vasopressin to Desmopressin acetate has resulted in a decreased vasopressor action and decreased actions on visceral smooth muscle relative to the enhanced antidiuretic activity, so that clinically effective antidiuretic doses are usually below threshold levels for effects on vascular or visceral smooth muscle.

When administered by injection, Desmopressin acetate has an antidiuretic effect about ten times that of an equivalent dose administered intranasally.

The bioavailability of the subcutaneous route of administration was determined qualitatively using urine output data. The exact fraction of drug absorbed by that route of administration has not been quantitatively determined.

Plasminogen activator activity increases rapidly after Desmopressin acetate infusion, but there has been no clinically significant fibrinolysis in patients treated with Desmopressin acetate. The effect of repeated Desmopressin acetate administration when doses were given every 12 to 24 hours has generally shown a gradual diminution of the factor VIII activity increase noted with a single dose.

The initial response is reproducible in any particular patient if there are 2 or 3 days between administrations.

Human Pharmacokinetics Desmopressin acetate is mainly excreted in the urine. Terminal half-life significantly increased from 3 hours in normal healthy patients to 9 hours in patients with severe renal impairment. Desmopressin acetate will often maintain hemostasis in patients with hemophilia A during surgical procedures and postoperatively when administered 30 minutes prior to scheduled procedure.

Desmopressin acetate will also stop bleeding in hemophilia A patients with episodes of spontaneous or trauma-induced injuries such as hemarthroses, intramuscular hematomas or mucosal bleeding.

Other patients may respond in a variable fashion depending on the type of molecular defect they have. Bleeding time and factor VIII coagulant activity, ristocetin cofactor activity, and von Willebrand factor antigen should be checked during administration of Desmopressin acetate to ensure that adequate levels are being achieved.

Desmopressin acetate is ineffective for the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Desmopressin acetate is also available as an intranasal preparation.

However, this means of delivery can be compromised by a variety of factors that can make nasal insufflation ineffective or inappropriate. These include poor intranasal absorption, nasal congestion and blockage, nasal discharge, atrophy of nasal mucosa, and severe atrophic rhinitis.

Intranasal delivery may be inappropriate where there is an impaired level of consciousness. In addition, cranial surgical procedures, such as transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, create situations where an alternative route of administration is needed as in cases of nasal packing or recovery from surgery.

Desmopressin acetate is contraindicated in patients with hyponatremia or a history of hyponatremia. Warnings Very rare cases of hyponatremia have been reported from world-wide postmarketing experience in patients treated with Desmopressin acetate. Unless properly diagnosed and treated hyponatremia can be fatal.

Careful medical supervision is required.Diabetes Case Study NUR/ January 13, Diabetes Case Study Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that affects millions of people across the nation. According to LeMone and Burke (), “Approximately million new cases of DM are diagnosed each year in the United States” (pg ).

You are here: Home / Adult Nursing / Types of Diabetes Insipidus Disease with Causes and Nursing Intervention. Types of Diabetes Insipidus Disease with Causes and Nursing Intervention.

Diabetes Case Study - Nursing Term Papers

Nursing Intervention for Diabetes Insipidus Disease. Desmopressin acetate injection 4 mcg/mL is indicated as antidiuretic replacement therapy in the management of central (cranial) diabetes insipidus and for the management of the temporary polyuria and polydipsia following head trauma or surgery in the pituitary region.

Free Essays on a Case Of Diabetes Insipidus Answers for students. Use our papers to help you with yours 1 - Feb 21,  · A study by Masri-Iraqi et al suggested that anterior pituitary dysfunction occurs in the majority of adults with central DI.

Familial forms of diabetes insipidus: clinical and molecular characteristics. Nat Rev University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Physician-In-Charge, Endocrinology/Diabetes. Aug 08,  · Clinically significant diabetes insipidus appears to be a rare side effect of treatment with TMZ.

If all 5 of the reported cases are included, the prevalence of diabetes insipidus was % in our survey of patients treated with TMZ.