A report on the development of medicine in the 19th century

She is passionate about education and medicine fascinates her.

Ayurvedic herbal medicines The Atharvavedaa sacred text of Hinduism dating from the Early Iron Ageis one of the first Indian text dealing with medicine.

The Atharvaveda also contain prescriptions of herbs for various ailments. The use of herbs to treat ailments would later form a large part of Ayurveda. Ayurveda, meaning the "complete knowledge for long life" is another medical system of India.

Its two most famous texts belong to the schools of Charaka and Sushruta. The earliest foundations of Ayurveda were built on a synthesis of traditional herbal practices together with a massive addition of theoretical conceptualizations, new nosologies and new therapies dating from about BCE onwards, and coming out of the communities of thinkers who included the Buddha and others.

Both these ancient compendia include details of the examination, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of numerous ailments. His medical treatise consists of chapters, 1, conditions are listed, including injuries and illnesses relating to aging and mental illness.

The Ayurvedic classics mention eight branches of medicine: The teaching of various subjects was done during the instruction of relevant clinical subjects.

For example, teaching of anatomy was a part of the teaching of surgery, embryology was a part of training in pediatrics and obstetrics, and the knowledge of physiology and pathology was interwoven in the teaching of all the clinical disciplines.

But the physician was to continue to learn. It progressed during Indian sultanate and mughal periods. Unani medicine is very close to Ayurveda. Both are based on theory of the presence of the elements in Unani, they are considered to be fire, water, earth and air in the human body.

According to followers of Unani medicine, these elements are present in different fluids and their balance leads to health and their imbalance leads to illness.

Muslim rulers built large hospitals in in Hyderabadand in Delhi inand numerous commentaries on ancient texts were written. Traditional Chinese medicine Assorted dried plant and animal parts used in traditional Chinese medicines, clockwise from top left corner: Much of the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine derived from empirical observations of disease and illness by Taoist physicians and reflects the classical Chinese belief that individual human experiences express causative principles effective in the environment at all scales.

These causative principles, whether material, essential, or mystical, correlate as the expression of the natural order of the universe. The Jin Dynasty practitioner and advocate of acupuncture and moxibustionHuangfu Mi —also quotes the Yellow Emperor in his Jiayi jing, c.

During the Tang Dynastythe Suwen was expanded and revised, and is now the best extant representation of the foundational roots of traditional Chinese medicine.

Developments from 1875

Traditional Chinese Medicine that is based on the use of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage and other forms of therapy has been practiced in China for thousands of years. In the 18th century, during the Qing dynasty, there was a proliferation of popular books as well as more advanced encyclopedias on traditional medicine.

Jesuit missionaries introduced Western science and medicine to the royal court, the Chinese physicians ignored them.

Because of the social custom that men and women should not be near to one another, the women of China were reluctant to be treated by male doctors. The missionaries sent women doctors such as Dr. Mary Hannah Fulton — Because Machaon is wounded and Podaleirius is in combat Eurypylus asks Patroclus to cut out this arrow from my thigh, wash off the blood with warm water and spread soothing ointment on the wound.

View of the Askleipion of Kosthe best preserved instance of an Asklepieion. Temples dedicated to the healer-god Asclepiusknown as Asclepieia Ancient Greek: Some of the surgical cures listed, such as the opening of an abdominal abscess or the removal of traumatic foreign material, are realistic enough to have taken place, but with the patient in a state of enkoimesis induced with the help of soporific substances such as opium.

He argued that channels linked the sensory organs to the brain, and it is possible that he discovered one type of channel, the optic nerves, by dissection.

National developments in the 18th and 19th centuries

Most famously, the Hippocratics invented the Hippocratic Oath for physicians. Contemporary physicians swear an oath of office which includes aspects found in early editions of the Hippocratic Oath. Hippocrates and his followers were first to describe many diseases and medical conditions.

Though humorism humoralism as a medical system predates 5th-century Greek medicine, Hippocrates and his students systemetized the thinking that illness can be explained by an imbalance of blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile.

For this reason, clubbed fingers are sometimes referred to as "Hippocratic fingers". His teachings remain relevant to present-day students of pulmonary medicine and surgery.

Hippocrates was the first documented person to practise cardiothoracic surgeryand his findings are still valid. Some of the techniques and theories developed by Hippocrates are now put into practice by the fields of Environmental and Integrative Medicine. These include recognizing the importance of taking a complete history which includes environmental exposures as well as foods eaten by the patient which might play a role in his or her illness.

Herophilus and Erasistratus[ edit ] The plinthios brochos as described by Greek physician Heraklasa sling for binding a fractured jaw.But overall the 19th century is notable more for systematic monitoring of disease aetiology than for curative treatment.

A growing medical industry Like other . The Early 19th Century. The 18th century saw a local approach to the development of public health in the United Kingdom.

However, by the 19th century, a new approach was developed in response to epidemics in newly developing towns and cities. The 19th century was a century that began on January 1, , and ended on December 31, Advances in medicine and the understanding of human anatomy and disease prevention took place in the 19th century, development and codification of many sports, particularly in Britain and the United States.

As a scholar of 19th- and century movements in international literature and health, he studies the place of long narrative forms, especially novels, in the development of tropical medicine and. The history of medicine shows how societies have changed in their approach to illness and disease from ancient times it is possible to determine the patient's disease, its cause and future development, Finally in the 19th century, Western medicine was introduced at the local level by Christian medical missionaries from the London.

Achievements in Public Health, Control of Infectious Diseases. Deaths from infectious diseases have declined markedly in the United States during the 20th century ().This decline contributed to a sharp drop in infant and child mortality (1,2) and to the year increase in life expectancy (2).