A description of internal combustion enginess invention and its uses

Terminology[ edit ] The word engine derives from Old French enginfrom the Latin ingenium—the root of the word ingenious. Pre-industrial weapons of war, such as catapultstrebuchets and battering ramswere called siege enginesand knowledge of how to construct them was often treated as a military secret.

The idea was similar to that expressed in the early forms of the steam engine, but Hautefeuille does not appear to have preformed any actual experiments.

The same idea was suggested by Huygens inbut experiments made by him and later by Denis Papin were not attended by success and were abandoned, though they are interesting as representing the first actual attempts at the building of internal-combustion engines.

The discovery of the distillation of gas from coal and the demonstration, by Murdock inof the application of coal gas for lighting purposes roused new interest in the subject. The introduction of the steam engine for commercial purposes about this time was also a powerful incentive, though for many decades the steam engine was too firmly intrenched and fitted the existing conditions too well to afford much opportunity for competition.

About John Barber explained in a patent how a wheel with vanes could be driven by the released pressure of an orifice close to the vanes. In the century and a quarter that have elapsed since that day, no economical gas turbine has been constructed.

In this the bottom of a cylinder was heated by fire and a small quantity of tar or turpentine was projected into the hot part of the cylinder, forming a vapor. The rising of the piston sucked in a quantity of air to form the explosion mixture and also flame for ignition.

The cycle was that which was used later by Lenoir in the first commercially successful engine. About Phillippe Lebon patented in France an engine using compressed air, compressed gas and electricity for ignition. Some authorities believe that his early death retarded the development of the internal-combustion engine half a century, as all of the features mentioned are necessary to the highly efficient engines of today, though they did not come into use for three-quarters of a century after his death.

His engine did not represent an advance, since the old ideas of Huygens were employed instead of the advanced ideas of Street.

Early History of the Diesel Engine

The success of the atmospheric steam engines was probably responsible for this. The working pistons, in cylinders adjacent to the large chambers, were operated by atmospheric pressure, all pistons being connected to the same crankshaft, as shown in Fig.

Since the burning did not occur in the working cylinder, the engine can scarcely be called an internal-combustion engine in the accepted sense of the term.

The inventor appears to have been a man of considerable force, and a number of his engines were built for pumping and for driving carriages and boats. Wright patented in England, the engine illustrated in Fig.

The gas and air were supplied by separate pumps to a working cylinder. The charge was contained in the spherical bulbs near the ends of the cylinder, ignition occurring while the piston was at the end of the stroke. The engine was double acting, water jacketed, with poppet exhaust valves and a fly-ball governor.

It represented a great advance in design and was probably built, though no records of its performance are known to exist. It compressed the gas and air separately, igniting the mixture when the piston was at the end of its stroke. The third engine described by this inventor is shown in Fig.

Engine - Wikipedia

In the figure the piston is supposed to be moving upward, compressing a mixture of gas and air. Ignition occurs when the piston has reached its highest position, and the piston driven down, expansion occurring until the piston passes the exhaust port at the middle of the cylinder.

During the latter half of the stroke the pumps are forcing gas and air into space below the piston, The compression being completed by the working piston and an explosion occurring when the piston reaches its lowest position. One of the interesting features of this engine was the use of spongy platinum for ignition, though Barnett also devised an exceedingly ingenious igniting cock of burning gas jets.

The engine of Barsanti-Matteucci Enginepatented inis interesting because it illustrates a type of machine that was the first to achieve a real commercial success, though that good fortune din not happen to its Italian inventors.

It is illustrated in Fig. Gas and air were exploded under the piston, which was driven upward, finally coming to a rest when all of the work of the explosion had been done. The piston, descending under the pressure of atmosphere, did the work. Lenoirof France, patented inthe first engine to attain considerable use.

In general, it resembled a double-acting steam engine, with a slide valve for the admission and another for the exhaust.

This engine was well advertised and attained considerable use, though its economy was not very good.

It was deemed of sufficient merit, however, to secure awards from the Exposition of London inof Paris inand Vienna in The improvement on the Lenoir engine by Hugon brought its inventor some prominence, but its success was short lived, as the new Otto-Langen free-piston engine, which was exhibited at the Paris Exposition inCarried all before it and held command of the market for many years, during which time a large number were built.Internal Combustion Engines An internal-combustion engine is a heat engine that burns fuel and air inside a combustion chamber located within the engine proper.

Simply stated, a heat engine is an engine that converts heat energy to mechanical energy. Dec 08,  · I need to find out what the Internal Combustion Engine's uses are for a project. Can you please list the uses and how they do it? And please list the link too.

Also can it has to be in the Industrial Revolution period. ashio-midori.com: Resolved. Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution History Facts, Study Sheets & Homework Help / By Robin L. / Homework Help & Study Guides The Industrial Revolution was the period of time during the 18 th and 19 th centuries when the face of industry changed dramatically.

The invention of the internal combustion engine Nicéphore begins new experiments on the fuel. At the end of May , Claude has the idea of another fuel: coal. The article presents a brief outline of the history of the internal combustion engine industry.

Engine design and car design were integral activities, almost all of the engine designers mentioned Many people claimed the invention of the internal combustion engine in the 's, but only one has the patent on the four stroke operating. A second class of internal combustion engines use continuous combustion: gas turbines, jet engines and most rocket engines, each of which are internal combustion engines on the same principle as previously described.

Firearms are also a form of internal combustion engine.